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The French submarine ''Mariotte'' (Q74) was a submarine built for the French Navy prior to World War I. Intended to accompany the fleet, she was designed for high speed on the surface. Although the navy was unsatisfied with her performance on the surface, the boat had a higher underwater speed than any French submarine before or during the following 35 years. ''Mariotte'' was plagued with engine problems during her construction and the navy spent years fixing the various issues before finally commissioning her five years after beginning construction. During the war, she participated in the Dardanelles Campaign, but had to be scuttled after she became entangled in the cables of a minefield on her first attempt to penetrate the Dardanelles. ==Design and description== ''Mariotte'' was the winning design in a competition conducted by the ''Ministère de la Marine'' (Navy Ministry) in 1906 for a submarine (displacing that could accompany a squadron of battleships on the surface and had a submerged range of . The winning design, by Constructor, First Class (Ingénieur de 1ère classe) Charles Radiguer, was optimized for good sea-keeping qualities and high speed with moderate buoyancy, a long, thin hull, and high freeboard. The most unusual feature of his design was the prominent forecastle that was built atop the forward part of the pressure hull, while the rear was virtually awash. This odd configuration gave the boat her nickname of toothbrush (''brosse à dents'').〔Caresse, p. 81〕 The submarine actually displaced slightly more than planned, surfaced and submerged. She measured between perpendiculars and had a beam of . ''Mariotte'' had a maximum draft of and had a depth of from the bottom of her keel to the top of the conning tower. This latter was faired into the rear of the forecastle. Two lead weights were located in the keel and could be dropped in an emergency.〔 Her hull was divided into nine compartments and she was fitted with five internal trim tanks, an internal central ballast tank and three external ballast tanks. She had a test depth of .〔 ''Mariotte'' had two rudders, one above the waterline for submerged use and the other below the waterline for regular use. She had two sets of diving planes, fore and aft, to control her depth below the water. The boat was evaluated in 1914 and the commission felt that she was generally successful except for her surface speed and range. It noted that she had problems with a following sea as the superstructure rapidly filled with water, but drained slowly so that she was much heavier by the bow and would tend to wallow. It also felt that she was insufficiently buoyant and had mediocre stability on the surface.〔Garier, pp. 179–80, 188–89〕 For surface running, the boat was powered by two Sautter & Harlé six-cylinder, diesel engines, each driving a propeller. When submerged each propeller was driven by a Breguet electric motor using electricity from two 124-cell batteries.〔Garier, pp. 181–82〕 ''Mariotte'' could reach on the surface and underwater. This latter speed was a record that would not be exceeded by a French submarine for 35 years. On the surface, the boat had a range of at , submerged, she had a range of at .〔Caresse, pp. 81, 83〕 She was armed with four internal torpedo tubes in the bow and two Drzewiecki drop collars in the forecastle.〔 Two reloads were stowed internally, which gave her a total of eight torpedoes.〔Garier, p. 180〕 During World War I, the boat probably used Modèle 1911V torpedoes. These had a warhead and a range of at a speed of .〔Friedman, pp. 345–46〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「French submarine Mariotte」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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